Description: Core heat transfer pressure bearing component of shell and tube heat exchangers, acting as heat transfer partition and pressure containing boundary.
1. Heat Transfer Partition: Heat transfers across tube wall between shell side and tube side process fluids without direct fluid intermixing.
2. Heat Transfer Area Defining Element: Tube diameter, tube length and total tube count determine overall heat transfer area and equipment capital cost.
3. Pressure Bearing Boundary: Withstands tube side operating pressure; tube wall material strength plus tube to tube sheet joint integrity define equipment safety and sealing reliability.
1. Straight Plain Tubes: Internal tube surfaces support mechanical cleaning; individual tubes can be plugged upon failure. Compatible with fixed tube sheet and floating head exchanger configurations.
2. U Bend Tubes: Both tube ends connect onto one common tube sheet; complete tube bundle extractable. Thermal differential stress is self compensated by U bend curvature, but U bend sections are difficult to clean.
3. Finned Tubes: External surface fins enlarge shell side heat transfer area; deployed for applications with low shell side heat transfer coefficients (gas phase fluids, air coolers).
Carbon steel, stainless steel, duplex stainless steel, copper and copper base alloys.
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